Vidyashankara temple, Sringeri - A Stunning Engineering with Geometric and Astronomical Marvel !!

        Vidyashankara temple at Sringeri in Karnataka, is a masterpiece of engineering architecture with outstanding knowledge of astronomy and Geometry. This ancient temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. He is the main deity of this temple and hence called as 'Shankara', the garbagriha of Lord Shiva is topped by a heavy majestic square shaped vimana.  This temple is not only a place of devotion, it is also a place of abundant knowledge. 

           

         This temple exhibits the ancient knowledge of priceless Science, Fine Arts, Mathematics, Geometry and Astronomy. It is guarding the ancient knowledge and secrets in a such a way that people who visit here for worshiping Lord Shiva will receive his blessings with good thoughts and good knowledge. 

         This ancient temple combines the features of Hoysala and Dravidian style of architecture. There are many pillars in this temple and every pillar was precisely built with perfect angle and geometrical patterns. None of the pillar differ from the designed angle. This temple has six doorways. 

        The eastern half of the structure is called as Mantapa, which is surrounded by twelve pillars. These 12 pillars are popularly known as 'Rasi Stambhas', marked by the twelve signs of the zodiac. 

Astronomical brilliance:       

         

            These 12 pillars were skilfully designed and constructed in such a brilliant way that the rays of the sun, fall on each pillar in the chronological order of the twelve solar months of the Sidereal solar calendar. 

What is Sidereal Solar calendar ?

Sidereal Solar calendar : It means, in simple terms,  the position of Sun with respect to the corresponding Zodiac is considered to calculate a month and to calculate a year. This calendar is being followed by people of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, West Bengal, Assam, Punjab, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand and much more....

        This zodiac based calendar system was used in ancient times, as it's the precise one. Not a single change happened in this calendar calculation for several thousand years, it is an error-free calendar...

But, in the modern calendar (Gregorian calendar), many changes had happened in the past. 13 days were missed / skipped in this calendar, while implementing it. Even now, there are several days are being missed out continuously. Yet, we call this is an accurate one. Enough of colonisation !! It's high time to return to our ancient roots....

For more details about continuously missing days in modern calendar, reach out to the post below,

https://divinediyaas.blogspot.com/2021/04/significance-of-ancient-tamil-calendar-and-accuracy.html

For detailed explanation about Sidereal solar system, reach out to the post below,

https://divinediyaas.blogspot.com/2021/04/why-tamil-new-year-is-being-celebrated-in-April.html

        Now, coming back to Vidyashankara temple, how did the ancient Indians designed pillars in such a way that, sun rays precisely fall on the corresponding solar month ? 

        It means that they have calculated the position of the Sun and Position of the 12 Zodiacs accurately.  They knew that this calculation is precise, very confident about their knowledge and wanted to pass on this knowledge to the future generations. So, they have designed this beautiful temple with knowledge of Astronomy as a tall standing open library. 

The information that are stored in paper, manuscripts, modern storage devices, cloud platforms etc can be destroyed. But, the information inscribed on the strong stones, can not be erased. Also, it requires some skills to understand the scientific secrets carved in such temples. In this way, our ancient Indian ancestors constructed a temple with devotion and science as open secret...

        In this temple, each column is topped by a yazhi with a rolling stone ball in its mouth. Every morning when the sun rays enter, they hit at one specific pillar indicating particular solar month of a year. The rays of the sun fall on each of pillar in the order of the twelve solar months. 

Check the 12 zodiac pillars of the temple, in a aerial view layout.

This temple is a proof for accuracy of sidereal solar system. It's an example for astronomical and mathematical knowledge of our ancient ancestors.

Sri Adi Shankaracharya had established four mutts / peetha / peedam (Monastery) in 4 directions of India: 

1. Badri Jyotir matha peetha in the North, 

2. Dwarka's Shardha Peetha in the West, 

3. Govardhan matha Peetha in Puri in the East,

4. Sharada Peetham in Sringeri in South.

Four mutts were established to represent and to safeguard each veda. In this place Sringeri, Sharada mutt was established to safeguard Yajur veda and to teach Advaita vedanta. 

Geometric patterns:

On the floor of this temple, there is a large circle drawn with converging lines corresponding to the direction of the shadows cast by the each pillar.  This shows the expertise of ancient Indians in angles and geometry....

Sri Yantra and Temple Geometric pattern:

        The geometric patterns and the angle of every cuts are same. The angle of pillar cuts are resembling wit Sri Yantra (below picture for reference) as they both are having same degree of angle at the outer design.

In the below picture, the base of the temple(outer design) is constructed in such a way that the all converging lines are cut exactly at the same degree of angle. Resembling like a 3D representation of Sri Yantra. 

Not only the base of the temple, the angle that pillars were cut, the top design of the the temple all were exactly cut at the same angle.

Check the above picture for reference of the temple base and the top design of the pillar..

        In Sri Yantra,  the intersection of lines form a design of small triangles arranged in a specific pattern. The pattern and the degree of angles that these triangles are aligned in Sri Yantra is looking similar with the geometric pattern and the angle of lines designed in this temple.

The temple base, the pillar angle, the top of the pillar and the top of the temple ate designed with the same geometric pattern with same degree of angle when viewed in 3D.

 - This temple stands as an unerasable Library of knowledge. 

 - The intricate carvings in the temple, indicates the artistic skill set of ancient Indians.

 - The geometric patterns and angle precision indicates, the deep knowledge of Indians in Geometry

 - The Engineering work of this temple, indicates their ancient engineering knowledge

 - The Zodiac pillars design, indicates about the abundant astronomical and mathematics  knowledge of Indians.

        Ancient Indian people's expertise in angles, geometry and their vast knowledge about astronomy is being reflected in this temple design.  This temple is an architectural wonder with a perfection in geometric design, engineering skills and astronomical values. So, a temple is just a place to worship, It is more than that. No wonder why our ancient ancestors had built so many temples in India!!!!

Hara Hara Mahadev!!!!

- Aarthi Thiyagarajan

Hidden Tamizh places in Pakistan and Afghanistan - Part 2 !!

In continuation from the previous part of this post,

https://divinediyaas.blogspot.com/2021/05/ancient-tamizh-places-in-pakistan-and-afghanistan-part1.html

             The royal palaces, forts, temples, houses and architectures are historical evidences of a king, who had ruled that region. These ancient places and buildings of Tamil kings were destroyed in Pakistan and Afghanistan, to burry the truth. But, the truth can be hidden / suppressed only for a period of time, it will come out eventually with a big bang.  

         In addition to these destroyed architectures, there are many facts to validate and to prove the authenticity of Tamil kings and people who had lived over there. 

 For example: Names - i.e Place names in these regions. 

        Pakistan and Afghanistan people speak Punjabi, Hindi and Urdu. They don't speak Tamil, then how come there are so many places in these regions that were named in Tamil ? That too, they were named with appropriate tamil meaning of that place....

        Though the temples and buildings were demolished, the Place names haven't changed much over the period of time. This is one of the strong point to prove that these regions were once ruled by tamil kings. 

        I have mentioned about some of the Tamil places in Pakistan in my previous post. In this post, will explain about other Tamil places in Pakistan and Afghanistan... 

1. Mount Sikaram:

        There is a mountain in Pakistan called 'Mount Sikaram'. Check the below picture for reference. 

        In tamil, Sikaram - means peak. Why this has to be named in tamil, with the appropriate tamil meaning as mountain peak?

In the below picture, thee river tributary regions are called as 'Kotkai' and 'Madikai'. The suffix itself is clear that it is derived from 'Tamil'. Kotkai and Madikai  are ancient tamil names... 

       

2. Kotkai - is transformed name of 'Korkai', the ancient port city of Pandya kings of Tamizhakam.

3. Madikai - The root word of this is, 'Madai' - means small sluice of a canal or stream. Side Sluice of a channel. There is a place in Kerala with the same name Madikai.

     

 

What is Ghalanai ? I have raised this question in my previous post. Here I have answer for that.. Check the below picture...

 Ghalani and Utmanzai are tamil places. Let us see about it's original name.

4. Ghalanai 

Ghalanai is derived from the word Kallanai.  Instead of 'Ka', they changed used 'Gha' and changed the name.

        Kallanai is a 2000 years old stone dam which was built by the great tamil king Karikalan Cholan. Similarly, this place in Pakistan was named as Ghalanai, to store water for agriculture. In later period of time, the dams were destroyed in Pakistan, but the name wasn't changed...

Kallanai Dam

        This 2000 years old dam is still in use in Trichy, Tamil Nadu. For more information about Kallanai dam, reach out to the below post,

https://divinediyaas.blogspot.com/2019/10/grand-anicut-kallanai-oldest-barrage-in.html

5. Utmanzai - is named after the place Uthumalai. It is a place in Tenkasi district of Tamil nadu and it's notably a birth place of many kings. 

6. Korkay - a place in Afghanistan. It is named after the Pandya's famous and busy port 'Korkai' in Tamizhakam.

        Korkai is famous for pearl fishing and it also mentioned in ancient tamil sangam literatures. Korkai served as one of the major port in the eastern side of Thamizhakam.

If Pandya's didn't rule these places, then why was it named as 'Korkay' in Afghanistan? 

        The glory and history of ancient tamil kings were continuously suppressed and the artefacts, forts, palaces of early tamil kings were completely destroyed. In some regions, these buildings are converted into Mughal palaces using their art form as a cover.

7. Kamber Darbar in Pakistan: 

        Who is Kamber ? Kambar is a great tamil poet. There is a saying in tamil that 'Kambar vetu kattu thariyum kavi padum', meaning even a charcoal in Kambar's house will sing a poem.

Why this place has to be named in tamil as 'Kamber'. Only in Tamil language, the suffix 'er' /'ar' is used. This suffix is used while addressing a person with respect.

Example: Sage Agastya is called as 'AgathiyAR' in tamil. The 'ar' suffix is used mention all the elderly or great people.

So, the name Kamber is a proper tamil name and it was named after the Tamil poet Kambar, to honour his service.

8. Chelozai :

        Chelozai is a place in Afghanistan, check the below picture for reference. It is a modified from the word Chozha. Chola / Chozha kings of tamilakam had ruled Afghanistan after the rule of Pandya kings. 

If it's hard to believe, then check the next place, 'Barki Rajan'

9. Barki Rajan :

        Look at the suffix Rajan. In Urdu and Hindi, the term 'Rajan' is not used. They used to say 'Raj' / 'Raja', not 'RAJAN'. Rajan is a proper tamil name. In fact, the famous Chola king, Raja Raja Chozhan was also called as 'Raja Rajan'. 

The first name 'Barki' is a modified name of a tamil king with the unchanged suffix 'Rajan', together called as 'Barki Rajan'. This place Barki Rajan was originally under the control of Chola kings and it was named after them. 

            Thus, the above mentioned place, 'Chelozai' and Barki Rajan are the tamil places, which were ruled by great Chola kings...

Pandeh:

        Pandeh in the above picture, represents Pandya king. Not, only this places, there are many places in Afghanistan which were named after Pandya kings of Tamizhakam, such as 'Panti', 'Pandi', 'Pandi nadu' etc...

Pandy -  a place near Indus River.  If Pandya kings hadn't ruled these regions, then why it has to be named after them?

Scholars have identified many tamil places in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Check out the below picture for reference...

There are ruins of Lord shiva temples in Afghanistan and archaeologists are unearthing many hindu god idols in Pakistan. 

        The history of ancient Tamils were destroyed by the foreign invaders and the ancient libraries were burned. Sumerians, Arabic, Mayan, Meso, Persian, Turkish people etc are strongly believed to be originated from Tamil society.

        But, currently, all the history books are projecting that the records of tamil people were confined only to Tamil Nadu. This blog will change this view and I will unveil the truth of tamizhakam, the glory of great tamil kings and their expanded territories....

Not only about tamizhakam, I will also uncover the architectural wonders, temples, Astronomy, their scientific methods, hidden secrets, medicines, treatments, Vimanas, ancient technologies and lifestyle of people in Akand Bharath....

- Aarthi Thiyagarajan

Ancient Tamizh places in Pakistan and Afghanistan - Part 1 !!

Tamizh places in Pakistan and Afghanistan - Part 1 !!!

            Early Pandya kings of tamizhakam were the First rulers of Akand Bharat. The term Bharath was coined after them. Pandya kings had strong naval force, excellent sea explorers and expanded their kingdom to Greece in the West and Australia in the East. 

        Pandya kings had also ruled the North western regions of Akand Bharat, such as Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria etc. In my previous posts, I have explained about Tamil civilization in Iran, Turkey, Syria. In this post, I will explain about the ancient tamil places in Pakistan and Afghanistan, that are not mentioned in the History of Akand Bharat. 

        

            There are many places in Pakistan and Afghanistan that were named in Tamizh, especially the places near the Sindhu / Indus River. Tamizh people were believed to be the first one to live near Indus Valley, Mohenja Daro, Harappa, Lothal, Rakhigarhi, Dholavira, Chanhu Daro, Bhagatrav and Mehrgarh. There are some places near Luni River in Rajasthan that were also named after Tamizh kings and places.

In this post, I will cover some of those ancient tamil places with appropriate references.

1. Quetta:

        There is a place in Pakistan called 'Quetta'. Quetta is derived from the tamil word 'Kotai', which means fortress. In ancient times, there was a big fort for King in that place and hence named that place as 'Raja Kotai'. The word Kotai is transformed to 'Kota' and then 'Quetta', a pashto word. 

       

             In TamilNadu, there are many places which were named using the word 'Kotai' and it's still in use.

Example:  Malai Kottai - means Rock fort, which is an ancient rock temple situated in Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu.

        Likewise, there are many places in Pakistan which are named using this word  'Kota', such as 

1. Kot Diji Fort, which is at the edge of Thar desert and it's a pre Harappan civilization site.  

2. Kandhkot near Indus River, 

3. Rani kot etc

4. Kotai Kili

Quetta and Kot Diji are an ancient sites of Indus Valley civilisation. I have already published a post about Tamil civilization in Sindhu, that is Pre - Indus valley civilization. Reach out to the post below, for more information about tamils in Indus region,

https://divinediyaas.blogspot.com/2020/12/kumari-kandam-part-5-pre-indus-valley.html

2. Kotai Kili:

        Kotai Kili - this place is located near Tochi river in Pakistan, which is named in tamil. Kotai kili is a proper tamil word. Why these places has to be named in tamil, if there are no tamil civilization over there ??

In Tamil,

Kotai - means fort

Kili - means Parrot

        None of the history books and facts talks about Tamil civilization in Asian countries. But, this blog will reveal the list of regions ruled by kings of ancient Tamizhakam and Akand Bharath with proper references.. 

Agricultural places in Pakistan that are named in Tamil

         In Tamil Nadu, Kaveri river's delta region is called as Thanjavur / Thanjai. It is also called as Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu. Tamil kings have named many places in Pakistan, in the same name (in tamil). 

Check the below picture for reference.....

In the above picture, 

3. Tajori: 

        

            Tajori - This name is derived from Thanjavur / Thanjai, rice bowl of TamilNadu. Tajori is situated in a delta region. Once upon a time, it was fertile land and flourished in agriculture. Like shown in the above picture, Thanjavur in Tamilnadu is also a Delta region and it's famous for Paddy farming. 

4. Kotkai: 

        Kotkai - is derived from Korkai. Korkai is an ancient and important port of Pandya kings. 

5. Mullazai:

         Mullazai - is derived from Mullai. Mullazai is also a group of tribal people in Pakistan, who resides in Balochistan province. 

How it is connected to Tamil ?

    Mullai - is a type of landscape mentioned in tamil sangam literature. Mullai - refers to forest regions landscape. Where is the forest in Pakistan ?

            Juniper forest is the Oldest forest of Pakistan and it's located in Balochistan province. Hence, as per Tamil sangam literature, the forest people of that region were called as Mullazai people and thus those tribal people were named after the landscape.

        

There are many such places in Pakistan which are named in Tamil. continue to read, to know more about the hidden history of Tamils....

6. Kokarai:

        Kokarai is a place in Pakistan. It is a proper tamil word. In Tamil,  it is spilt into , Ko + Karai

In Tamil, 

Ko - means King / God / tall / height. Here, it means landscape on a tall place.

Karai - means shore / land. 

7. Parrai:

    In Tamil, Parai - means drum. Those who beat drums and announce were called as Paraiyar, a caste / group in Tamil Nadu. 

        In the above picture, the instrument that the men are holding in their hands is called 'Parrai'.

    A type of fish which are abundantly available in this area is called as 'Parrai' fish.

8. Mehgarh:

        Mehgarh is one of the ancient site in Pakistan and it was also called as 'Pantinadu' (Pandi Nadu - meaning 'Pandya' country) during ancient times. This site is situated near place called Sibi.  

        A village called as 'Sangan' falls under Sibi district of Pakistan and Shewan place in Pakistan is earlier known as 'Sibistan'.

Sibistan - is named after Tamil King Sibi / Sembiyan. 

        King Sibi's full name is Sembiya Cholan, who have hailed from the solar race (Surya Vamsam) and also he had ruled North Western sides of Akand Bharat after defeating early Pandyas, who resided there. This has happened before the time period of Birth of Lord Rama (i.e) before the beginning of Treta Yuga. This proves that Pandyas had established their presence in Pakistan and Afghanistan before the arrival of King Sibi Chola Chakravati.

    
        Mehgarh which is near to Sibi was also under the control of King Sibi. Historical evidences suggests that Mehgarh were civilized 3000 years before the Indus valley civilization. Thus, Mehgarh is dated as 7000 BCE. Mehgarh was one of the far advanced civilization than history of Turkey and Egypt.  Mehgarh lies on the Kacchi plains of Balochistan, Pakistan, where the ethnic Brahui people lives. 

[Note: 

    Brahui tribe people are dravidian people who speak Brahui language which is a proto - dravidian language. It is none other than the early tamil language called as 'Tamili' / 'Damili'. 

    Tamil is the mother of all dravidian languages. There are many similarities between both the languages and does contain same meaing words in both the languages..]

     Mehrgarh is supposedly the most sophisticated, well developed, ingenuous and best planned ancient place of ancient India.

        There are mud brick houses and also granaries have been found. This is also closely related to Tamil culture according to ancient sangam literature (10000 BC).They also had cattle comprising of goats and sheep. They also had the techniques for fishing. Tamils were also good at these things according to Ancient Sangam Literature (10000 BC).

    The first use of cotton in the history of mankind has been found at Mehrgarh. It leaves archaeologists stunned that Mehrgarh natives also knew Fabric Weaving. Tamils were the one of the earliest exponents of use of cotton and Fabric Weaving.

What is the meaning of Karachi ?

 The root word of Karachi , 'Karai' is a tamil word - meaning sea shore. Many places in Tamilnadu is been named with 'Karai' as suffix. Example : Neelang Karai, Keela Karai etc....

Check Mt Kharchanai in the below picture, What is the meaning of Kharchanai ?

In Tamil, Kharchanai - means roaring. Kharchanai is a proper tamizh word.

What is Ghalanai that is circled in the above picture ?

    Truths behind Ghalanai and more tamil places in Pakistan and Afghanistan will be covered in next part...

- Aarthi Thiyagarajan

Kumari Kandam - Part 7 (Persian and Eurasian Countries) !!

Kumari Kandam - Part 7 (Persian and Eurasian Countries) !! - Lost History of Ancient Tamizhs

        Pandya kings of Kumari kandam were excellent explorers of seas and also they had expanded their kingdom beyond Akand Bharat. While exploring the lands around India (prior to the Indus / Sindu civilization), a set of Pandya kings from ancient tamizhakam had established their society near the fertile Sindhu river.  For more detailed information about dravidians of Pre - Indus Valley civilization, reach out to the post below

https://divinediyaas.blogspot.com/2020/12/kumari-kandam-part-5-pre-indus-valley.html 

    The people who have moved to Persian countries before the start of Sindhu civilization were popularly called as 'Proto - dravidians' by historians. Also, Pandya kings had expanded their kingdom till Greece by crossing Sindhu river, that includes Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Azerbaijan, ancient Mesopotamia regions. The references of tamizh society in these countries are explained in this post. 

    Why am I talking only about Pandya kings of Kumari kandam ? Because, during that time (before 7000 BCE), there were no Cholas, Cheras, Pallavas, Velirs etc. There were only Pandya kings, popularly called as 'Early Pandya kings' to differentiate them from medieval and later period of pandyas.

        Tamizh civilization in Persian countries can be connected in several ways and there are many facts to prove the existence of tamizh civilization over there.... Let us see about one by one... 

1. In Iran

    Tamizh people had reached south of Iran and started a new society called 'Elam', meaning (young ) homeland. The people of elam were called as Elamites, the connection between Elamities, dravidians and Indus valley people are mentioned in the previous part of my post, Kumari Kandam - Part 6.

In the later period, followed by Pandya kings, many other tamizh kings had ruled regions of Persian countries and some other kings served as chieftains of Pandyas. I have put a separate post for 'Tamil Culture and Kings in ancient Iran' in three parts as, Part 1, Part 2, Part 3 .

2. In Turkey

        The famous and the most ancient temple site at Turkey is Gobekli Tepe which was dated back to 10,000 BCE, is situated between Adiyaman and Siverek places. Siverek.... Doesn't it sound like Lord Shiva ?? 

This is not the only place that is named after Lord Shiva, there are many other places in Turkey, which was named after him.

 For example: 'Harran' in the picture below (Hara Hara Mahadev !!)

This ancient site Gobekli tepe is situated between Adiyaman, Siverek in the west and east and Harran in the south. It is also one of the proving fact that Gobekli tepe is an ancient Hindu temple, from which Varaha avatar of Lord Vishnu was also excavated. 

Lord shiva was worshiped by tamizh people in Turkey and so many places were named after him.  Why was it tamizhs ? can't they be any other people who worshiped Lord Shiva? To know the answer, reach out to the post below

https://divinediyaas.blogspot.com/2021/04/ancient-tamizh-kings-and-hinduism-in-%20turkey-part2.html

        There are many significant references about tamizh civilisation and Hinduism in ancient Turkey, which I have covered in my previous posts such as Part 1 and Part 2. I haven't included those references in this post, as it will become lengthy and for more information about tamil civilization in Turkey, reach out to

https://divinediyaas.blogspot.com/2021/04/ancient-tamizh-kings-and-hinduism-in-turkey-part1.html

        Since the kings were from Kumari kandam, the term Kumari / Cumari has been used in many placed in Turkey and the reason for the etymology for these names are still not decoded by the historians and scholars.

Early Pandya kings of Kumari kandam had reached Turkey and there are many bull symbols in and around Turkey to represent them. 

        Apart from my previous posts about Turkey, there are more references for Pandya kings from Kumari Kandam in Turkey, continue to read to know more about it...

Cappadocia, also known as Katpatuka, Kapadokya is a historical region in Turkey. Cappadocia, was bounded in the south by the chain of the Taurus Mountains that separate it from Cilicia (Original name: Kummani), to the east by the upper Euphrates, to the north by Pontus, and to the west by Lycaonia and eastern Galatia. 

    This cappadocia is derived from 'Kapadapuram' of tamizhakam, the capital city and busy port of second sangam of Pandyas, which was also submerged later due to major tsunamis. Pearls of Pandya Kapadapuram were of great demand and were highly priced. Cappadocia in Turkey was named after this famous city of tamizhakam, later it was then transformed as 'Kapadokia' / 'Katpatuka'. 

        Cappadocia was also known as Hatti in the late Bronze Age and was the homeland of the Hittite power centred at Hattusa. The earliest record of the name of Cappadocia dates from the late 6th century BC, when it appears in the trilingual inscriptions of two early Achaemenid kings, Darius I and Xerxes, as one of the countries (Old Persian dahyu) of the Persian Empire. In these lists of countries, the Old Persian name is Katpatuka. It was proposed that Kat-patuka came from the Luwian language, meaning "Low Country". 

        Similarly, Kapatapuram in ancient tamizhakam was situated at the bottom part of tamizhakam near sea shore, reference picture is attached below.  

Why Katpatuka meaning 'Low country' in Luwian is matching with Kapatapuram's position in Tamizhakam?

Why both the names Kapatapuram / Katpatuka are similar ?

    Comana (Komana Pontika) was an ancient city of Cappadocia, frequently called as Comana Chryse i.e. "the golden"( to distinguish it from Comana in Pontus).  

        Isn't this name referring to Ko-manna (King) + Pontika (Pandya was called as Pontika in greece) ???

3. In Greece

    

        There are many references of tamil civilization in Greece, but this post will reveal about points which are only related to Kumari Kandam. Let us see about major points in association with early Pandya kings..

    A) Panticapaeum (Pantikápaion) was an ancient Greek city on the eastern shore of Crimea, which the Greeks called it as Taurica. The city was built on Mount Mithridat, a hill on the western side of the Cimmerian Bosporus. 

What is the meaning of Panti, from the city named 'Panticapaeum' ?

Panti - refers to Early Pandya kings of tamizhakam, who is also called as 'Pandi'..

    Panticapaeum - it is originally known as Pandikapaion, which means the land which is protected by Pandiya kings. 

        Early Pandya kings were called as Pondi / Pontic / Pontus. Pandya kings belongs to solar / sun race of India. Similarly, the king Mithridates VI, the ruler of the Kingdom of Pontus was named after the Sun god. Mithridates is the Greek attestation of the Persian name - Mithra - meaning sun god. The Mithridatic dynasty, also known as the Pontic dynasty. 

Thus, solar race Mithridates / Pontic dyanasty kings are none other the descendants of Early Pandya kings..

        B) Pontic Greek  is a variety of modern Greek originally spoken in the Pontus area on the southern shores of the Black Sea, southern Georgia and today mainly in northern Greece. Its speakers are referred to as Pontic Greeks or Pontian Greeks.

Pontic Greek is an endangered Indo-European language spoken by about 778,000 people worldwide. It's not only a Indo - European language, it's actually a proto dravidian language - also called as ancient Tamili / Tamizh. During World War I, there were a mass cruel ethnic cleansing of Pontic Greeks, Cappadocia Greeks happened. Huge genocide of Greeks was carried out on the basis of their religion and ethnicity....

There are many places in Greece that are named in tamil. Continue to read for more references regarding the same.

    C) Cappadocia by Pontus , Cappadocia was mentioned in the above section in Turkey and it was originally named as Kapata / 'Katpatuka' of Pandya kings. Ancient Indian philosopher, economist Chanakya refers to the Pearls from Kapatapuram of tamizhakam as  'Pandya Kapatam'. 

    Thus, Cappadocia - is named after Kapatapuram of tamizhakam

               Pontus        - is reformed name of early Pandya kings.

For more details about Kapatapuram of Pandyas in ancient tamizhakam, reach out to,

https://divinediyaas.blogspot.com/2020/01/kumari-kandam-ancient-tamilakam-part-3.html

As the Pandyas of Kumari Kandam had ruled Greece, they have named places in memory of their mother land Kumari.

Greek and Latin sources refer to the ancient Tamil country, Tamilakam, as "Lymyrike" or "Damirice" (or Dymirice/Dimirixe or Damirice).

Sage Agathiyar was a powerful Siddhar of tamizhakam, one of the seven great sages who had travelled in the boat of Pandya king Satyavrata during the great deluge of Kumari kandam. Agathiyar had established First tamil sangam in kumari kandam.

How Agathiyar is connected to Greece ?

As Pandya kings had ruled Greece, they named some of places in Greece in the name of great siddhar Sage Agathiyar. See the below picture for reference...

 

Korkyra - Is an ancient Greek city and it was one of the three great naval powers. It served as an important port during 700 BCE and the ruins of ancient Greek temples and other archeological sites of the ancient city Korkyra are found in Palaipolis.

What is the meaning of Korkyra ?

    This Korkyra was named after the famous 'Korkai' port of Pandya kings. Korkai port is famous for Pearl fishing and it is one of the major naval port of tamizhakam ruled by Pandya kings.

     This ancient Greek naval port 'Korkyra', is a proof to the point that it was once ruled by Pandya kings of tamizhakam. Else, Why it has to be named after Pandya's important port 'Korkai' ???

Check the orange colored circle at the bottom of this map in the below picture. It is Korkai... It's an ancient port of Pandya kings..

Why everything goes around Pandya kings ?? Why all the cities, ports, kings were named after Pandya kings in Greece? 

Such as,

1. Panticapaeum - Named after Pandya kings

2. Pontic dynasty - Pandiyan Dynasty. Both Pontic and Pandiyan kings belongs to Solar race.

3. Cappadocia in Turkey - is named after Kapatapuram of tamizhakam

4. Korkyra in Greece - is Korkai in tamizhakam.

Why all these cities in Greece are named after Pandiyan major cities and ports ?

        Because, Greece was once ruled by early Pandya kings... Also, there are many places in Greece, which are named in tamizh (More about tamil civilization in Greece will be covered in separate post). Not only in Greece, Pandyas had expanded their territory across Eurasian countries as well...

3. Azerbaijan

        Tamiraparani is an ancient and important fertile rivers of Pandya Kingdom in tamizhakam. It is still actively flowing in Tamil Nadu and reaches Bay of Bengal in the East, but it changed its course of direction in the last 2000 years. During the period of Kumari kandam, Tamiraparani had flowed from tamizhakam to Kumari Kandam. Satyavrata, the great early Pandya king had first seen Matsya avatar of Lord Vishnu as a small fish in this river, so this river plays major part in the history of Pandyas.

Why am I talking about Tamiraparani river ? How Tamiraparani river is linked here in Azerbaijan?

        The Pandya kings who ruled Persian and Eurasian countries, had named one of the river as Tamiraparani in Azerbaijan, which is now called as 'Damiraparan' river. 

        Early Pandya kings had also named one of the largest river in Persia as 'Kaveri' (Kaveri is one of sacred rivers of India flowing in ancient tamizhakam), which is now transformed as Mt'kvari river / Kura river. The Kura is an east-flowing river south of the Greater Caucasus Mountains which drains the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus east into the Caspian Sea. 

Like Kura river, Kaveri is also a southeast flowing river originates from Kodagu hills which flows about 800 km before reaching Bay of Bengal. 

This Kura river is having many tributaries. Let us see about one of it's tributary in Georgia.

4. Georgia

        The Paravani (Georgian: ფარავანი) is a river of southern Georgia and it is a right tributary of the Kura (Mtkvari).  It is the outflow of Paravani Lake, the river Paravani begins from the southern part of the lake and connects to the Mtkvari to the right. 

Scholars are not clear about the origin of this name. But the truth is, Paravani is a tamizh word, which is derived from the 'Paravar' caste people of tamizhakam. Detailed information about Paravars and their association with early Pandya kings are explained in the below post,

https://divinediyaas.blogspot.com/2021/05/paravars-and-pandya-kings-of-ancient-tamizhakam-explained.html

            As paravars (seafaring, fisheries are their major skill), settled near this river, they had named this river after their caste. To add more strength to this point, the Paravani lake is a popular destination for fishing. Doesn't it makes more sense now??

    Another interesting point to be noted here is, Geophysical studies shows that there is a large structure at the bottom of lake Paravani. Some of the mysterious objects are discovered by divers. According to eyewitnesses, there was a huge object at the bottom of the lake, at least thirty meters long, may belong to Bronze age

Also, Kartli is an historical region in Georgia by Mtkvari, which is a capital of the Georgia. Kartvelian language was spoken there, which is similar to the structure of the dravidian language. I'm mentioning about only few places in Georgia, which are named in tamizh, detailed one will take separate post.

Here in the above picture, paralimni - refers of 'Parali' river of Kumari Kandam and 'Draviskos' - refers to the dravidians.

5. Iraq

        Hatra was an ancient city in the Nineveh Governorate of present-day Iraq. Hatra was the best preserved and most informative example of a Parthian city, Parthian kings are actually descendants of tamizh kings (will put a separate post for this). 

        Hatra city plan was circular and was encircled by inner and outer walls nearly 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) in diameter and supported by more than 160 towers. 

        Cities in Iraq under Hatra kingdom was destroyed by muslims. In early 2015 they announced their intention to destroy many artefacts, claiming that such "graven images" were un-Islamic, encouraged shirk (or polytheism), and could not be permitted to exist, despite the preservation of the site for 1,400 years by various Islamic regimes. ISIL militants pledged to destroy the remaining artefacts. Shortly thereafter, they released a video showing the destruction of some artefacts from Hatra.

        Many historical places in Iraq are destroyed by muslims stating that it's a history of non muslims and they don't want it in their places. There are few places left which is still named in tamizh. Check the picture below for the same.

       In tamizh, Thertha - means pilgrimage and Thertham - means holy water offered to God. 

The main purpose of the Therthar Lake is to collect excess water of Tigris River during flood seasons and when there is shortage of water in both Tigris and Euphrates rivers, this lake will recharge water in them. Moreover, it aims to wash out the salts from the stored water in the lake by continuous draining of water naturally.

6. Syria

Mari, is the most ancient city at Syria, which was built on the western banks of Euphrates rivers by tamizh people. It was the major trading center during 3rd millennium BCE.

        The ancient tamizh civilization people selected an inhospitable area near a bend in the Euphrates River to build their new capital. They built this city as rich center for trade and goods production in Northern Mesopotamia. They dug canal to connect two bends of Euphrates river (Originally called as 'Purattu' river) and used the land to project from this to raise a perfectly circular area that would form as a heart of their new city and the canal that is been passed through it made the uninhabitable location as habitable. Fortifications were constructed, and a grand capital enclosed within two concentric circles took shape, a design it would retain for its entire thousand and thousand years of history.

Along with the construction of the linking canal, these people built two other canals on either side of the city. The eastern one on the eastern side of the river was a navigation canal. The other was an irrigation canal to feed Mari's crops.

This city was named after their storm god 'Mari'. In tamizhakam, 'Mariamma' is a storm goddess. This proves that tamizhs were settled in Syria as well and thus named a city after the goddess 'Mariamma'. Mariamman is a very popular tamizh goddess worshiped in South India. She is considered as Kaval Deivam (Protector Deity) in many villages of Tamizhakam.

7. Sumerians

        Mesopotamia is an ancient historical region of western Asia situated within the Tigris and Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent. It occupies the area of modern day Iraq, Kuwait, parts of Syria, Turkey, and regions along the Iran-Iraq border.

Sumerians      

Sumerians of Mesopotamia were originally tamizh people who were from ancient tamizhakam. In this post, I have given country wise references for tamizh people from Kumari Kandam, which in turn covers the regions of Mesopotamia (Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria). Thus, it is also proving that Sumerians were tamizh people from ancient tamizhakam.

Sumerian language has relationship with Tamizh, sumerians who were settled in mesopotamia during 4500 BCE and spoke a early dravidian language. The Sumerians and Akkadians dominated Mesopotamia region from the beginning of written history (3100 BCE) to the fall of Babylon in 539 BCE. But, Indus valley civilization is much prior to this, which was dated back to 9000 BCE. This is just a high level information, I will take up a separate post for Sumerians and about Egypt....

        Thus the early tamizh kings and people had spread across persian and Eurasian countries, spoke tamizh, named places in tamizh, practiced tamizh culture and traditions. Did the Pandya kings go only in the western direction and reached Persia, Europe, Asia ??? No, Pandya kings of Kumari kandam had also gone towards Eastern direction... There are also remaining parts of kumari kandam lands over there and it will be uncovered in part 8 of this post....

- Aarthi Thiyagarajan